Improvement Opportunities
ML‑optimized LCATotal Reduction Potential
82.9%
Across priority sectors
Sectors Optimized
3
Steel · Cement · Aluminium
Model Types
2
PINN & Transformer
Grid CI Range
0.70–1.00
kg CO₂/kWh (state‑level)
Sector‑level optimization summary
| Sector | Current Emissions (t CO₂/t product) |
Optimized Emissions (t CO₂/t product) |
Reduction | Priority | Key Opportunity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 1.8 | 0.55 | ‑69.4% | High | H₂‑DRI process optimization & grid‑aware scheduling |
| Cement | 0.9 | 0.575 | ‑36.1% | Medium | CCUS integration & clinker substitution |
| Aluminium | 16.0 | 0.5 | ‑96.9% | High | Smelter electrification & closed‑loop recycling |
Sector Comparison & Optimization Potential
Baseline vs ML‑optimized| Sector | Baseline (t CO₂/t) | Optimized (t CO₂/t) | Reduction % | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 1.8 | 0.55 | 69.4% | H₂‑DRI + high renewable share |
| Cement | 0.9 | 0.575 | 36.1% | CCUS + SCMs |
| Aluminium | 16.0 | 0.5 | 96.9% | Hydro‑rich grids & recycling |
Grid Carbon Intensity
State‑level CI (kg CO₂/kWh)Mean (sample)
0.85
Typical coal‑heavy Indian grid
Best state
0.70
High renewables (e.g., Karnataka)
Worst state
1.00
Coal‑dominated (e.g., Jharkhand)
Std dev
0.09
Inter‑state spread
These values are derived from sample state profiles in
IndianGridDataLoader and can be replaced with
scraped or utility‑supplied data as it becomes available.
Generated Charts & Images
From notebooks / outputs
The following chart slots map to plots generated by
visualize_indian_results.ipynb and other
visualization utilities. Save your PNGs into
outputs/plots/ and wire them here.
Steel LCA Breakdown
outputs/plots/steel_lca_breakdown.png
Cement LCA Breakdown
outputs/plots/cement_lca_breakdown.png
Sector Comparison
outputs/plots/sector_comparison.png